What actions should Joe take once he determines the scene is safe?

Once Joe determines that the scene is safe, the appropriate action is to obtain consent to care and use personal protective equipment (PPE). This step is crucial because it not only respects the rights and autonomy of the injured person, but it also ensures that Joe can provide care safely while minimizing the risk of infection or transmission of disease. Consent is especially important in situations where the person is conscious and able to respond; an unconscious individual is often assumed to give consent for lifesaving measures based on the principle of implied consent.

Using PPE is equally essential as it protects both the rescuer and the person receiving care from potential health risks. PPE may include gloves, masks, or goggles, depending on the situation and potential exposure to bodily fluids. Taking these steps before beginning care also helps to establish a more systematic and organized approach to providing assistance. In emergency situations, taking these preliminary actions ensures that the rescuer is prepared to perform necessary interventions safely and effectively.